Pmp Critique Outline - 1068 Words

Executive Summery. Project management plan is the records of all the processes and procedures that are in effect to provide information to project team, manage the scope, costs, time and quality of the project. Introduction. 2.1 Project description. Project description introduces about the project. It specifies the area covered under this project. It also states the customer requirements and the detail elements covered in the database. 2.2 Project sponsors. Sponsor’s detail includes the name and contact number and email address, which is not sufficient. There should always be a back up contact details in his absence. 2.3 Project manager and team details. Team details include all the contact detail of†¦show more content†¦Schedule. 6.1 Summary. In scheduled summary include each and every week schedule even they have each month schedule. Milestone report should have date when report was created, statues of component, who is responsible person he/she can make each component and general component. They include sign-in, sign-off of design. 6.2 Detail. In detail it’s include two parts one is Gantt chart and Network diagram. Gantt chart: Gantt chart saws all details, it saws also start and finish date. The Gantt chart is well laid out in a format supported by the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). Network Diagram: A network diagram is a technique for showing activity sequencing of a project’s activities (Schwalbe 2006). Network diagram give information about logical sequences dependences among the various tasks. Budget. 7.1 Summary. In summary budget include whole project budget. Project manger as to give cost of whole amount. Even they describe part of budget. Summary budget summaries all cost, hardware wage and then total cost. Hardware budget give in breakdown system. 7.2 Detail. Includes the processes required to ensure that the project is completed within an approved budget. Cost is a resource sacrificed or foregone to achieve a specific objective, or something given up in exchange. Costs are usually measured in monetary units, such as dollars. (Lecture no: 6) Conclusion. InShow MoreRelatedProject Management Plan Critique Essay2691 Words   |  11 PagesProject Management Plan Critique 1. Executive Summary A project management is a directional approach of planning and guiding project process to its ultimate goal from start to finish. In this project, the main task is to develop a Web-Based system through with customers can rent video games. This online application should be able to perform all the operations online as well as provide solution for any problems. All the management and planning has been done as well as all the phases requiredRead MoreInformation Technology Project Management Appendix Answers Essay19447 Words   |  78 PagesSolutions to Accompany Information Technology Project Management, Sixth Edition ISBN-10: 0324786921 ISBN-13: 9780324786927 Course Technology MIS Series Companion Web Site: www.cengage.com/mis/schwalbe Kathy Schwalbe, Ph.D., PMP Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12 APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C List of solution files available and referenced in this document, in alphabetical order:Read MoreTotal Quality Management (Tqm) in Hospitality Industry: a Study of the Application of Tqm in  a Hotels  Engineering Department and Its  Effects on  Hotel Performance18578 Words   |  75 Pagesresearch and how the research is developed. Chapter one is the introductory chapter, it provides the general information of TQM and TQM in the hospitality industry. It also explains why the author is interested in the research topic; therefore, it outlines the research questions as well as the aims and objectives of this dissertation. Chapter two deals with the review of related literature; it is to study the published work that other researchers have done in order to find the knowledge related toRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pagespeoples have the right to manage their own biological resources, to preserve their traditional knowledge, and to protect these from expropriation and biopiracy by scientific, corporate or government interests’. Taken together, these views demonstrate a critique of genetic technologies that comes from the left of the political spectrum. Issues examined by CRG include biowarfare, genetic testing, genetic privacy, genetic discrimination, GM plants, human cloning and genetic manipulation of humans. UnderRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesvisiting professor at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. He received a B.A. in psychology from Claremont McKenna College and a Ph.D. in management from State University of New York at Buffalo. He is a certified project management professional (PMP) and Scrum Master. Clifford F. Gray CLIFFORD F. GRAY is professor emeritus of management at the College of Business, Oregon State University. He continues to teach undergraduate and graduate project management courses overseas and in the UnitedRead MoreProject Managemant29326 Words   |  118 Pagesor why not? 6. Review the WBSs and cost estimates provided. Discuss any questions you might have about them. EXERCISES 1. Review the items NWA includes in their PR2 planning documents. Suggest other items that should be included. Create a new outline for a project plan based on your suggestions. Briefly describe what should be included in each area. 2. Compare the WBSs provided in this chapter with information in Chapter 4 on project scope management. Provide five suggestions for improving

The Importance of Freedom of Speech in College Essay

Freedom of speech is more than just the right to say what one pleases. Freedom of speech is the right to voice your opinion on certain topics or dilemmas around you. This basic right given to us in the First Amendment is being challenged by colleges who encourage â€Å"freedom of speech† with certain restrictions. In the two videos provided by FIRE, certain situations where students’ basic rights were violated were shown. In the first video presented by FIRE, I was very surprised to learn that some colleges opt to control what you wear, what you post on Facebook or what you say. Instead of educating young adults, it appears that colleges nowadays are trying to babysit them in every dimension of life, including their personal online social†¦show more content†¦Why is freedom of speech important to college students? That is a question that some higher intuitions seem to forget (or knowingly ignore). Freedom of speech is important to students because it gives them the opportunity to practice their right and be more than just a student, but part of the actual body. By being part of the university body, they are just as involved and opinionated about issues revolving around the campus as so the board or the dean are. They can write petitions or disagree with the school’s new agenda if they please. They are just as important as the main decision makers. They are even more important if the school’s decision directly affects them. Freedom of speech is a very important right to the students and they should have the basic right to voice their opinions. A conflicting idea arises when irresponsible people take advantage of the various freedoms of speech and use it as a tolerant to do others verbal harm. If someone bullies an individual and posts hateful things toward them on the internet, does freedom of speech sustain that? Freedom of speech is the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint1. If someone says or posts something verbally harsh about someone else, are they not voicing their opinion on that particular individual? On that note, we must ask ourselves this: how free is freedom of speech allowed to be? Free enough to voice an opinion but restrainingShow MoreRelatedObscenity In Fun Home. ​​Should It Be Acceptable To Implement1379 Words   |  6 Pagesconcepts. Therefore, I believe colleges and universities should not be permitted to assign Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home to incoming freshmen as a requirement in their summer reading programs. Though some professors might argue the issue of academic freedom, the narrative’s obscene nature could violate the morals and beliefs of some students. Consequently, the education curriculum would not be â€Å"redeeming social importance† (Rault 100). Teachers might defend academic freedom; but because the theme of sexualityRead MoreFree Speech Freedom Of Speech1180 Words   |  5 PagesFree speech shall not incite evi l and hatred in this country. The First Amendment prevents the government from infringing upon our freedom of assembly and speech. â€Å"The disability is so complete that Congress is expressly forbidden to enact laws respecting an establishment of religion, or laws abridging the free exercise of religion, freedom of speech and press, and the right to petition the government† (Bybee). As a whole, our founding fathers only had good intentions with regards to First AmendmentRead MoreFree Speech : The Importance Of The Freedom Of Speech1079 Words   |  5 PagesFree speech in my mind, should be universally protected, except when that speech turns into hate against any particular minority and incites violence that is not needed for the safety of the public at large. Freedom of speech serves to be a fundamental democratic right that affords every citizen to participate in the United States constitutional democracy. It is a vital tool because it can be used by every person, rich, poor, black or white, to voice their concerns and rejections of the federal orRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech1147 Words   |  5 Pages Freedom of speech serves to be a fundamental democratic right that affords every citizen participation in The United States constitutional democracy. It is a vital tool because it can be utilized by every person, rich, poor, black or white to voice their concerns and rejections of the federal or state government in hopes to bring about change. In addition, the first amendment allows for the free exchange of ideas, as it creates the moral imperative to challenge and oppose hateful ideas and celebrateRead MoreFree Speech Policy Should Be Freedom Of Speech1029 Words   |  5 PagesStudents on many campuses are concerned with debate of ideas and therefore also with free speech issues. So I ll ease the students of a diverse college with an appropriate free-speech policy. The policy should be freedom of speech no matter the topic. Since in the text, â€Å"The importance of protecting even the thoughts we hate.† (Volokh, E. (2015, November 2). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com) proves with the sentences; â€Å"Oddly, many of these restrictions come from politicalRead MoreUnlearning Liberty ( 2014 ) Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthat violations of free speech— whether by students, faculty, or administration—will have devastating effects in greater society. Lukianoff supports his assertion by describing cases he has seen throughout his career at FIRE. From administration punishing students to professors getting fired for clearly protected speech. Lukianoff’s purpose is to point out the misguided lessons about freedom that are being taught on campus and to encourage his audience to stand up for freedom on campus. Lukianoff writesRead MoreImportance Of The First Amendment1114 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of the First Amendment When our Nation had regarded themselves as thirteen newly colonies and to separate themselves from Great Britain. Congress had imparted to the state legislature twelve amendments to the Constitution. These Amendments later became the Bill of Rights, the first basic rights that the country was founded to provide. The whole point that the Bill of Rights were made was so that new Federal Government were prevented from impairing human rights and freedom. HoweverRead MoreCodes And Regulations On Campus1456 Words   |  6 PagesAs some colleges are consider placing speech codes and regulations on campus because of allegations concerning racist speech and harassment. There are some, such as, Cinnamon Stillwell and Charles R. Lawrence III, who are in favor of speech codes because they consider some of the actions a form of harassment. While others, such as, Harvey B. Silverglate, Greg Lukianoff, and Howard M. Wasserman opposes the codes and regulations because they insist that no matter ho w profane the speech, it is stillRead MoreFree Speech on College Campuses Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesKenzie Winkler Due: May 16th 2011 WR 122/ Wilde Final Essay #2 Importance of ‘Free Speech’ College is a time when most individuals are experiencing major changes and begin to explore new perspectives. The transition in becoming more independent, creating new insights and peer influence are key factors in changing the perspective of an individual. Students are faced with new ideas from their professors, family and fellow peers. Through that acquired knowledge many students decide that they eitherRead MoreFree Speech Is The Cornerstone Of The American Freedom1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe American lifestyle has always included the freedom to speak freely. This freedom, granted by the 1st amendment, can be viewed as the cornerstone of the American freedom since without it most of the other freedoms Americans enjoy become less useful or even obsolete. The issue that many find with free speech however is that everyone must have it even if that person holds an opposing opinion. This mutual respect is the foundation for civil discussions and debates that shape the country and eve n

On Writing free essay sample

At six years old, I thought I was the next Dr. Seuss, so I stapled some computer paper together and wrote a story with less than subpar illustrations—I’m pretty sure the main characters were pigs, but they probably looked a lot more like blobs with curly tails. With bubbling excitement, I gathered my mother and my two younger sisters around the kitchen table and read my debut â€Å"novel† aloud. Although today I may not even remember its title, it was something I was proud of—the spawn of a half an hour of sweat and tears and the endless limits of a child’s imagination. It was something I wanted the whole world to see. Fortunately, my writing has improved since my picture book days, not counting the phase in middle school where I thought that every line in every poem had to question the meaning of life in order to be considered â€Å"good. We will write a custom essay sample on On Writing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † It’s exhilarating to open up a blank Word Document and see what becomes of it—to see my feelings, my questions, and the people I love pop onto the screen. But to me, creative writing isn’t just about having a pastime or an emotional outlet—the thrill is in the experimentation. Some people prefer to write with the big picture already in mind, but whenever I develop an idea, my thinking process expands from the inside out. Thus, a common first step for me is to choose my subject so that I can move onto the preliminary test: profiling. Gathering initial observations to formulate a hypothesis is crucial in any experiment, so I spend time finding out what makes my subject tick. Am I dealing with an angsty teen or a lonely, middle-aged man? A cunning, headstrong businesswoman? A valiant hero from ancient times? Delving deeper, I begin to manipulate the factors, recording the subject’s reactions to the introduced conflicts, and before I know it, I’ve hit the subject’s interior complex. More often than not, however, I’ve found that my conclusion does not match my initial prediction. But I’ve also found that that’s completely okay—more than okay. Through the years, learning to create characters with levels of dimension has prompted me to view the world through the same lens. Life could do with a little experimentation, so I consistently ask myself: Why not? Why not challenge myself with difficult courses in school? Why not travel to a foreign country? Why not strike a conversation with a person I’ve never met? Why not? Anything has the potential to lead to the unexpected, so when opportunity arises, I seize it. Take six-year-old me, for example: paper, a pencil, and an unexplored imagination called my name, and now I’m here, writing an essay on writing. Strange, isn’t it?

Shall We Walk by Pura Santillan free essay sample

Pura Santillan-Castrence begins the essay with a casual tone and continues with a descriptive manner of enumerating the unmatched benefits of walking. The words used all throughout were infallible in evoking a visual image in a reader’s mind and thus, adding to the beauty of a gradual development of scenes. At first glance, her work exemplifies a mundane composition exclusively suited for health-conscious readers. However, an insightful ending thrashes initial judgements as the author proves the relevance of a simple introduction to achieve her purpose in writing the piece. â€Å"Shall We Walk? † brilliantly incorporated purposeful essence into an extremely ordinary action—walking. From its advantages to man’s health, to the different kinds of people one sees, to the lessons you may learn along the way and finally, the discovery of oneself. All of these are possible when one uses his feet to travel to his destination. I distinctly appreciated the essay’s realistic approach, which allowed me to relate with the text since I, myself, walk when commuting from Katipunan to my beautiful abode in Makati. We will write a custom essay sample on Shall We Walk by Pura Santillan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Likewise, I was awed by the realization that my surrounding is an instrument which communicates life truths and lessons that can strengthen one’s character. The surrounding that most people take for granted is, after all, a silent teacher that one will recognize only if he cares to open his eyes and see beyond what is readily presented on the surface. It is also this surrounding that serves as a serene place for stressed people, like me, to unwind and to think clearly. On top of all of these, the essay added meaning to an action I perform only because it is necessary. It left a lasting impact as it conveyed that walking is tantamount to learning and discovering, not only my environment and society, but more importantly, my individuality. I was instantly attached to this essay, most especially because it paved the way for me to see a bigger truth about life. It reminded me that every part of man’s journey here on earth is a learning experience and one has to immerse himself with his surrounding in order to fully develop his character. From now on, I’ll be looking forward to walking the streets of Katipunan with utter excitement. Because the world reveals itself to those who do so, I just can’t wait to travel once again by foot.

Electronic Databases and Networking Research paper essays

Electronic Databases and Networking Research paper essays An electronic database is information stored so that it can be retrieved from a computer terminal. Rubin, Rubin, and Piele (1996), compilers of research sources, point out, A researcher who is reluctant to use computers to find information or who does not know how to do so effectively will be severely handicapped. The advantages of college library electronic databases are that they can be searched much more quickly than their print counterparts, results can be printed or downloaded onto a floppy disk, and at most schools the use of databases is free of charge. Depending of the size of your library, you may have access to such self-service databases as ERIC (700 educational journals and thousands of research reports collected by the U.S Department of Education), INFOTRAC Expanded Academic Index (more than 1,000 journals and newspapers emphasizing communication, history, humanities, law, political science, psychology, religion, sciences, social sciences, and sociology), MEDLINE (some 3,600 journals in biomedicine, health sciences, and medicine), PSYCLIT (more than 1,400 English and foreign-language journals in education, psychology, and sociology), SOCIOFILE (communication, criminal justice, demography, geography, political science, sociology, and speech), and LEXIX/NEXIS (accounting, business, government, law, and medicine) to name just a few. You can use these databases to compile bibliographies and view abstracts, or even full articles, on the computer screen. Reference librarians should know which databases your library subscribes to and can help you learn to access them. Today, anyone with access to personal computer also has access to national and international electronic networks. Most colleges and universities are now connected to the Internet- an international electronic network of networks. This superhighway of information provides access to an ever-increasing number of infor ...

The Definition of Subject Matter for Inventions and Patents

The Definition of Subject Matter for Inventions and Patents Definition: Subject matter is what something is about. In artwork, the subject matter would be what the artist has chosen to paint, draw or sculpt. In patent law, the subject matter would be the technical content of a patent or patent application found in the description, claims, and drawings. In other words, the subject matter is what the inventor has chosen to invent, and in a patent application, the inventor must reveal the subject matter (invention) in a way dictated by law. Examples: Example 1 The specification must conclude with a claim particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention or discovery. Example 2 The distinction between patentable and unpatentable subject matter continues to be a topic of debate among software developers, academics, lawyers, and USPTO examiners. Example 3 The patented subject matter and additional subject matter still pending in the US and foreign patent offices includes claims to methods and devices for delivering medicinal substances to the interior of cells in various body tissues

Statement of purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of purpose - Personal Statement Example On the other hand, teachers are supposed to bless their students with an ample amount of opportunity to form and express their opinions about various happenings worldwide, so that they can develop the ability of critical thinking. Because, educated people are expected to think logically, which can be achieved through reading and discussing about several concepts across different professions in order to develop students with well rounded personality that will assist them in settling with any sort of job. However, developed countries are plagued with the dwelling concept of racism (Giles), while Arab nations are relatively better in this regard because of Islamic teachings of equality and inter-religious tolerance, which are playing an invincible role in purifying the society from racism beliefs. Therefore, Arab society is providing equal educational services to the children belonging from different ethnic and national centers on the globe. Furthermore, technological interventions in t he field of education proved them as enhancing agent for learning because, teachers can access internet in order to provide real life application of the subjects that they are teaching. So, in this way, technology helped students in relating the knowledge with the real time application, which in turn fostered the students’ belief in the practicality of the information that they gathered in the class (Watson and Watson). Thus, internet is participating notably in the effective education of the next generation. Moreover, MRI technology blessed medical students with an opportunity to study hidden human organs without threatening the life of an individual (Bevan, Senn-Reeves and Inventor); therefore, they are able to understand the interdependency of various human organs, which enabled them to devise increasingly effective treatments for commonly fatal diseases. In the light of above literature, the significant role of teachers in terms of shaping the future of the nation because , they are the ones with the responsibility of training and developing the future intellectual capital for the nations. However, teachers are benefiting from the internet in order to facilitate students’ learning process through making them witness the practical application of the knowledge they are learning, which will help them in relating the knowledge with the outside world that assist them in attaining excellence in their respective field. Nevertheless, teachers’ prime responsibility is to foster self-confidence of his or her students, so that they can make effective and timely decisions in their lives. At the same time, I consider myself fully capable of enrolling in the English doctorate program of Claremont University. Because, I posses sufficient experience in teaching English in international schools, which makes me an ideal candidate in this regard because, English is a necessary skill in order to survive in the shrinking global village, which is characteriz ed with the convergence of values and norms internationally. However, nationalism is becoming weakened in the globalized educational and economical world. Therefore, it is imperative for the students in Saudi Arabia to learn both oral and written English, so that they can be acceptable in the outside world. On the other hand, I can also integrate modern

Critical Thinking and Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Thinking and Writing - Essay Example The use of first person in the poem informs the purpose of and the message carried by the poem. By referring to her personal self, the author draws the line between â€Å"it’s about me† and â€Å"it’s not about me.† If the author had presented the poem in third person, the subject matter of the poem would have been different from what is communicated in first person. In this respect, presenting the poem in first person best suits the intention of the author with regard to the underlying message in the poem. Audience to this poem can be diverse and dynamic. In light of enjoying the poem more, however, groups that need motivation and inspiration constitute a perfect audience. Such groups could be persons seeking employment positions, especially in fields that require direct relations and interactions with diverse communities. Social workers for example would enjoy this poem most. This is due to the nature of their professional duties, which are directly executed in community

Problems of Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Problems of Pakistan Essay PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN AND THEIR SOLUTIONS OUTLINE: 1.INTRODUCTION 2.PROBLEMS OF PAKISTANS A. INNER PROBLEMS a.TERRORISM b.SECTERIAN VIOLANCE c.ENERGY CRISIS d.POOR RULE OF LAW e.ECONOMIC MELTDOWN f.CORRUPTION g.POLITICAL DESTABILITY h.FLOODS i.INJUSTICE j.LACK OF NATIONAL INTEGRITY k.POVERTY l.UNEMPLOYMENT m.INFLATION B. OUTER PROBLEMS a.DRONE ATTACKS b.FOREIGN DEBTS c.LACK OF FDI d.WEAK FOREIGN POLICY SOLUTIONS a.TO CURB THE TERRORISM BY DIALOGUES AND MILIATRY OPERATIONS b.ENERGY CRISIS SHOULD BE TACKELED IMMIDIATELY c.RULE OF LAW SHOULD BE MIANTAINED AT ANY COST d.LONG AND SHORT TERM ECONOMIC POLICIES SHOULD BE LOUNCHED TO OVERCOME ECONOMIC PROBLEMS e.DAMS SHOULD BE MADE TO CURB WITH FLOODS f.UNEMPLOYMENT,POVERTY AND INJUSTICE SHOULD BE ERADICATED g.FAIR AND TRANSPARENT SYSTEM SHOULD BE LOUNCHED TO COPE WITH CORRUPTION h.ATMOSPHERE OF NATIONAL INTEGRITY SHOULD BE INSTALLED i.EFFECTIVE FOREIGN POLICY SHOULD BE MADE TO COPE WITH DRONE ATTACKS j.FOREIGN DEBTS SHOULD BE MINIMIZED CONCLUSION ESSAY: Today, pakostan is facing various problems. The intesity of these problems is increasing day by day.Infact, there are two types of problems, the inner problems and the outer problems.The inner problems like terrorism, secterian violance,target killing,energy crisis,economic meltdown,destability, poor rule of law,floods ,corruption ,injustice,poverty,unemployment,inflation and social disorder are weakining the country very fastly.On the other hand, the outer problems like drone attacks, weak foreign policy ,foreign debts,lack of foreign direct ivestment and foreign intervention are aloso detriorating the country to high extent.Owing to these problems the progress and development of the country has almost jammed.The economy of the country has shunned,the political destability has emerged,mobs and chaos has become the order of every day,religious intolrence has reached to its peak and the image of country has gone bad to worset.To overcome these problems, the government should take all necessary steps with proper planning.All the strategies should installed with tranparency to curb these problems.All the institutions and concerned authorities should lounche their steps in unity to cope these menaces.Apart from government, the individuals should also cooperate with government in this critical time to save the country.The above mentioned problems and their solutions will be discussed in appropriate manners in next paragraphs.

Essay --

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is one of the most important molecules in any organism. DNA is like an instruction manual for the cell to make new proteins. DNA is made up of two long chains of nucleotides wound up into a helical shape. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, pentose sugar and one of four possible nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Thymine or Cytosine). A group of three of the bases of the corresponding sequence to the protein required makes up one amino acid. This is known as the Triplet code. A chain of amino acids is the protein. These proteins can be used for a large variety of tasks ranging from simply allowing chemicals to pass (channel proteins) to the more complex task of fighting diseases (antibodies). This wide range of uses for proteins allows us to use and manipulate it artificially to our needs. Gene therapy is used to treat diseases caused by faulty genes by fixing the faulty genes. This is done by introducing the correct gene in place of the faulty one. The correct gene would have been developed outside the body in a laboratory. The normal gene is transported by a carrier called a vector which is usually a virus due to their nature of attacking the sufferer’s body and inserting their genetic material, however, the viral vector is modified so it cannot cause the patient any harm. Once the vector has released the correct gene into the cell, the cell then begins to produce the correct proteins. Gene therapy can be very useful in the field of science as it can help discover different methods of inserting genetic material into a cell. Genetic engineering isn’t only advantageous in medicine, but also in farming as farmers will have the freedom of choice when it comes to selecting the type of ... ...he protein of the desired characteristics. These characteristics can include physical appearance, preventing genetic disorders and even intelligence although, there are many ethical issues surrounding this particular use of DNA technology. If the ethical issues are overcome, soon, the average intelligence of the human population will increase massively leading to much more discoveries and technological advancements. In the end, DNA is a very useful molecule which can and has been used vastly in science and technology to improve the lives of many people in the present and for the future generations. DNA technology has been the pinnacle of medical science due to the role it plays in an organism therefore has been one of the key fields for scientists to explore allowing it to advance massively over the past few years and continue to progress in the foreseeable future.

Why Hemp Prduction Should Be Legal in the Us

Uses of Hemp and its Potential Contributions to the United States Hemp is a crop that has been used for many things for many years. The fibers are used for things such as clothes, construction materials, paper, carpet, oil, food, cosmetics, food, and many other things. The hemp industry has been around for as long as ten thousand years. There was a piece of hemp fabric found from around eight thousand BC showing its importance to many civilizations throughout the years. Nowadays, hemp is an agricultural commodity in many nations. Canada is known to be one of the largest hemp growers in the world and use it for a large number of industries.Some countries export hemp products all around the world and use it as a vital part of their economy. The United States is among the few countries that does not permit the production of hemp. The value of hemp has gone unrecognized for many years in the U. S. Out of the industrialized countries in the world, the U. S. is the only country to ban the growth of this crop. The legalization of hemp production in The United States would put many farmers back to work as well as create a very ecological and environmentally safe alternative to multiple harmful industries.From when Europeans first came to North America till the Middle of the nineteenth century, hemp was grown all over. Its availability was useful for many families and companies. Hemp was also grown by two of our first presidents because of its versatility and efficient uses. The Declaration of independence was in fact, written on hemp paper. Hemp was actually a required crop in the Colonial times. It became a commodity and was an overall great use of land. The name â€Å"cannabis† comes from a variation of â€Å"canvas† because of hemps use in sails for boats.Before cotton, hemp was very common in forms of fibers which could be used for twine, paper and many other things. Once people came out with cotton gins and other very efficient ways to harvest and ma ke fabric out of cotton, hemp became a less competitive material. Also, imported materials began to take over the hemp industry. Throughout the 1930’s, people realized the euphoric effects of the plant and began to isolate and genetically develop the leaves and flowers to get a plant that produced large amounts of the desired chemical. This plant is known as marijuana.This is when laws began to pass restricting restrictive laws that only allowed the industrial use of cannabis in the form of hemp. During World War Two, the federal government actually paid farmers and encouraged them to continue to grow hemp. Its availability was greatly taken advantage of during the war. Between the war and the late 1950’s, other synthetic fibers for various materials were a competitive industry causing less and less hemp growth in the United States. Also, many efforts were made by the public to illegalize drugs. This contributed to the fade out of hemp use. Mass, 2009) The Controlled S ubstances Act was passed in 1970 making hemp illegal to cultivate without a permit. These permits were very difficult to get through the DEA. From this point on, all hemp products come from other countries or the hemp materials used to make things are also imported. Now days, about half of the states in the nation are pushing to legalize the industrial uses of hemp. They are conducting studies to consider the economic and environmental value of hemp. These states want to be able to grow hemp industrially based on state law.They would like to be able to do so without a permit from the federal government. This would override the Controlled Substance Act unless they redefine hemp as not a controlled substance. Hemp cannot be hidden in fields. It is very tall and grown very close together for maximum stalk. Hemp fibers come from the stalk of the plant therefore leaves and flowers are of no use to hemp growers. Hemp is also harvested before the plant even begins to seed. This differs fro m marijuana in the sense that marijuana growers spread out their crop to maximize leaves and flowers.Marijuana is usually grown for the seed and flower buds solely for the high. Hemp on the other hand is never grown for smoking. The purpose of growing hemp is for the multitude of uses of the stalk fibers. When looking at hemp from an environmental standpoint, it is a very healthy crop for the earth. From planting all the way to using its products, hemp is a very environmentally friendly plant. As it grows, hemp fertilizes the soil through its complex and deep root systems as well as the top soil that comes from the shedding of leaves. The soil, the water and the air are not polluted during the growth of hemp.Pesticides are rarely used giving clean water runoff. This differs from crops like cotton because when cotton is grown, the soil becomes nutrient deficient and the soil becomes less desirable. There have been farmers who claim hemp has steadily been grown in the same locations e very year for nearly one hundred years. Many people are concerned about the use of trees for paper. Hemp would be a great alternative to this issue as well because the amount of pulp a farmer can get from hemp over a season is much more than timber. Trees take many years to grow and hemp is replenished in a matter of months.The process of turning hemp into paper uses much less contamination in the pressing and bleaching processes. Other interesting facts about hemp paper are described in Hemp: The New, Old Fiber Makes a Comeback for Clothes, Fabrics and Home Furnishings. â€Å"Hemp fiber paper resists decomposition and does not yellow with age when an acid-free process is used. The long fibers in hemp allow hemp paper to be recycled more times than wood-based paper. † (Mass, 2009) The rapid growth speed of hemp makes it one of the most efficient crops in the sense of yield per acre. Hemp can produce 250 percent more fiber than cotton and 600 percent more fiber than flax using the same amount of land† (Mass, 2009). In further comparison of hemp and cotton, the fibers that are obtained from hemp stalks and bark, include the very long bast fibers. These types of fibers are stronger and a better insulator. After the harvest, the goal is to make the crop into some sort of textile that can be distributed to other companies for various uses. This process is extensive for any crop however; the processes used in hemp cause significantly less damage to the earth than other materials such as cotton.The process does use a large amount of water that will become more efficient in the future but compared to processes for other textiles, hemp is a better choice ecologically. Going into the uses for hemp, it is not destructive to the environment which shows it is a great alternative to many other materials that share the same uses as hemp. Some of hemp’s uses that are ecologically more efficient than others are; paper products, textiles, molded plastics, bo dy care products, construction, livestock feed and breeding, nutritional supplements, essential oils, medicines, food and many more. Small, 2002) With clothing, hemp is warmer than cotton and breathes better than cotton, leather and other materials widely used for clothing. â€Å"Hemp’s fiber molecule has a shaft-like structure that allows it to: wick moisture off the body and dry quickly; allow the wearer to feel warmer when wet, even in cold conditions; keep the wearer cool, comfortable and fresh, even in very hot and/or humid conditions. † (Mass, 2009) One material made from hemp that is very versatile, is plastics.John Wolodko, an advanced materials program leader gives his word on plastics, â€Å"This is traditionally made from fiberglass†¦ Products made from biocomposites work as well as those made from conventional materials, with the advantages of being lighter and less expensive. The ability of environmentally friendly products to compete with non-renewa ble products like fiberglass makes for a competitive and promising future for the biocomposites industry. † (Edmonton, 2009) Plastic is used in so many things from lawn chairs to automobile body parts to toothbrushes.This new process for plastics would be a fantastic alternative to the previous fiberglass methods. As an antibacterial fabric, hemp clothing is good for people with allergies to some chemicals that are included in the processes of other clothing materials. It also won’t begin to smell bad as fast as other materials. A big positive quality of hemp is that it is completely biodegradable as well as very strong and resistant to the wear and tear of daily life. It is great for people who are outside in nature a lot due to these qualities.Hemp can also be converted into a fuel in the form of pellets or liquid gas. This energy source, according to the U. S. Department of Energy, â€Å"requires the least specialized growing and processing procedures of all hemp pr oducts†. Fuel and energy is a major concern in our country and hemp could contribute significantly to the problems we face. Countries such as Great Britain and Germany had hemp bans like the United States but have lifted those in the last 20 years. Farmers in Europe are subsidized for their hemp output by the EU.Canada allows hemp production for commercial use and it is a large part of their economy. Hemp is a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to a wide variety of the United States industries and the legalization of hemp production on the commercial level would be a great addition to our country on an environmental and economic level.References Bourrie, M. (2003). Hemp: A Short History of the Most Misunderstood Plant and its Uses and Abuses. Firefly Books. Edmonton, A. (2009, October 31). Unconventional Crop – hemp – could sprout new industry. Troy Media. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from Unconventional crop – hemp – could sprout new indu stry Read more: Unconventional crop – hemp – could sprout new industry | Troy Media Corporation http://www. troymedia. com/? p=4791#ixzz14R5QAUP7 Mass, E. (2009, May). Hemp: The New, Old Fiber Makes a Comeback for Clothes, Fabrics and Home Furnishings. Natural Life, 127, 36-38. Retrieved November 1, 2010, from EBSCO database. Small, E. and D. Marcus. 2002. Hemp: A new crop with new uses for North America. p. 284–326. In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds. ), Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.

Designing Activity Systems Research Essay

The greatest challenge facing an Activity-Theory-based approached to researching interconnected networks and activity systems is the tension between the necessarily holistic view of â€Å"better contextuality† suggested by Kuuti, and the need for an appropriate level of analytic abstraction and â€Å"generalizable† research results required for the research to have utility across disciplines (as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 22; Nardi, 1996, p. 70). This tension can be partially mitigated by focusing simultaneously on object/motive-oriented research of individuals and on community-object-oriented research of larger subject communities. Thus in a research setting, the object, activity, and operation levels of each individual subject would be documented, both as subjectively articulated in interviews, and as prescribed in that individual’s task description. The overarching community object, activity, and operation levels of the various interacting subject communities would also be documented, in terms of a written prospectus of the group’s initial goals and any obtainable data regarding any sub-group’s particular objects, either explicitly or implicitly stated. Because of the magnitude of data likely resulting from such research techniques, trends from the collected data are probably best analyzed through statistics-based computer modeling. Any truly contextual understanding of activity systems requires researchers to pay close attention in particular to what Kuuti calls action-operation dynamics, noting when and how, for individual subjects, the orientation phase of a given action has passed and the action has been internalized as operation (as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 31). This phenomenon could be identified in a number of ways. For instance, when individuals begin to elide unnecessary orientation-phase-steps in a process, or when they have re-articulated their objects to indicate a broadening of scope, it is likely because they have moved beyond the orientation phase for a given action and internalized it as operation. Research into interrelated activity systems and networks also requires a nuanced understanding of how community subjects interact, both which each other and with individual subjects. Documenting these interactions through research would require a thorough enumeration of how both formal and informal subject groups affect one another, and the specific â€Å"contradictions† that they exhibit through their objects (Kutti as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 34). For example, to fully define and therefore research the activity of a software company working on a new database platform, researchers would need to understand the myriad goals of each sub-group and engineer within the company, as well as the company’s larger goals, and the intentions of competing companies. This would require ongoing observation and interview data, and given the vast amounts of data likely to be mined in this process, a computer-based, statistical approach would likely be most effective. Situated Action vs. Activity Theory Because Situated Action Models explicitly reject an intention or goal-based definition of action, they do not lend themselves well to analytical abstraction. Each model being â€Å"inextricably embedded in a particular situation,† no two models are likely to offer enough commonality to allow comparison across situations, let alone across disciplines (Nardi, 1996, p. 1). Activity Theory, by contrast, offers its fundamental tenet as its organizing schema: consciousness and intent are the defining the elements of all activity (Nardi, 1996, p. 11). This perspective has several benefits. First, since Situated Action refuses to consider a subject’s intent in its analysis, â€Å"the activity can only be known as it plays out in situ† (Nardi, 1996, p. 82). This means that Situated Action researchers must posit their own interpretation of a subject’s actions, and ignore the subject’s stated intention. Such â€Å"constructed rationalizations† are more the province of speculative psychology than observational science (Nardi, 1996, p. 82). This view appears even more absurd in light of the fact that Situated Action offers no explanation as to why, despite its guiding premise, human subjects invariably do explain their actions through their intentions, and often â€Å"demand or believe† such explanations from others (Nardi, 1996, p. 81). Second, Activity Theory, by starting from the premise that intention and consciousness are fundamental elements in the definition of action, immediately offers a means of demarcating and understanding activity that Situated Action Models lack (Nardi, 1996, p. 83). As Nardi points out, two subjects in identical environments may display disparate actions that can only be parsed in light of each subject’s intent or object (Nardi, 1996, p. 83). Using the â€Å"object† as the organizing rinciple further allows Activity Theory to maintain a consistent analytical schema across disciplines and at varying levels of generality. For instance, both individual subjects and subject communities can be parsed according to the subject/object and object/action/operation paradigm. Lastly, Activity Theory allows research to continue over a â€Å"longer time horizon† because, while the situations examined in Situated Action Models tend to be quite ephemeral, the objects of Activity Theory may persist for months or years (Nardi, 1996, p. 3). This allows research of a given subject to proceed cumulatively, and not be wasted as soon as a given situation expires. It further allows researchers to focus on a higher level of abstraction, recurrence, and commonality than Situated Action Models, and to avoid the â€Å"claustrophobic thicket of descriptive detail† that becomes necessary when disregarding intentionality (Nardi, 1996, p. 92).

Why you should interview for a job you don’t want

Why you should interview for a job you don’t want Job hunting is a lot of work, whether you’re unemployed or looking while working. You put so much effort into revamping your resume, networking in person and online, and writing cover letters with the hopes of landing something truly great. And then, after weeks or months of the hunt, there’s a bite- you’re offered an interview. But, you’re not excited. At all. Maybe you’re waiting to hear back from your dream company. Maybe you’re just hesitant to accept anything less than awesome before you’ve really gotten yourself out there. You might think the best use of your time is to decline politely and wait for something better to come along. But sometimes it’s smart to take the interview, even when you already know you don’t want the job. Here are some reasons why.You might find you do want the job.You never know when the job you don’t think you want turns out to be a perfect fit. Part of the interview process, we often forget, is for the company to sell you on the position (not just for you to sell yourself to them). Go in, see the workplace, and let them woo you. Find out about the company culture and meet the people with whom you’ll be working. On paper, it’s hard to get a sense of what the day-to-day of a job will be like. In person, your perspective might shift. Don’t cut out options before you know everything about them.Practice makes perfect.The more you get used to putting on your most professional clothes, signing in at an unfamiliar front desk, and sitting in front of strangers while they ask you about your professional expertise, the better you will get at the entire process. If you’re at the start of your career or haven’t been on the market for a while, every interview is excellent practice for the next interview you get. You’ll get your anecdotes down pat and start to get a sense of the questions managers in your chosen field ask people at yo ur level. You’ll want to be as sharp as possible for the interview you’ll get for your dream job. Get all the kinks out when the stakes are low and you’re not buzzing with nerves.You might meet someone to connect with down the line.It’s also always possible that you will meet someone in the course of interviewing who can lead you to your dream job. First, if you get an appointment with a recruiter, they often interview for multiple positions- and sometimes at different companies. Comport yourself professionally and you never know what networking wins you might rack up- he or she will keep you in mind for gigs in the future. Second, if you make a great impression but ultimately turn down the position, you now know a face and name at the company. Maybe for your next move you’ll want to touch base to see what’s open. You can absolutely do so if you rock your interview- even if you don’t take the job.You can use an offer for leverage.Say you really want job X, but they’re dragging their feet in making decisions or final offers. Maybe you’re even on a third or fourth round of interviews. But you’ve also interviewed for jobs Y and Z- and both have made offers. Now you can go back to job X and tell them other companies are vying for you. Don’t be too forceful or demanding; just be truthful. You can politely tell them you have other offers on the table and ask about their decision timeline. Being in demand is always a desirable trait.Bottom line: be careful not to waste your time, especially if you’re still working full time and have to steal away for interviews. If you know there’s no possible way you want to work at a certain company or in a specific position, don’t take the interview. Use your judgment and feel free to pass up duds. Just don’t stay away if you’re not totally certain a job isn’t for you.

Seasonable vs. Seasonal

Seasonable vs. Seasonal The words seasonable and seasonal both relate to the seasons of the year, but their meanings arent quite the same. The adjective seasonable means usual or suitable for a particular season of the year; taking place at an appropriate time. The adjective seasonal means relating to, dependent on, or characteristic of a particular season of the year. See Usage Notes, below. Examples After enduring two years of severe drought, we are finally enjoying some seasonable weather this summer.The old English song â€Å"John Barleycorn Must Die† describes the seasonal ritual of rendering grain into ale. Usage Notes Heat and humidity are seasonable here in summer means theyre normal for this season of the year. Sentimentality is seasonal at Christmas means its typical or characteristic of Christmas seasons. Seasonable can also mean opportune or in time, as in Their arrival was seasonable, just when we hoped for it. If people arrive seasonably, they are on time or even a bit early; if they arrive seasonally, they visit annually at about the same season of the year. Never use seasonable for seasonal (the other possible confusion almost never occurs.) Unseasonable, unseasonal, unseasonably, and unseasonally are precise antonyms of seasonable, seasonal, seasonably, and seasonally respectively.(Kenneth G. Wilson, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993)Seasonal is used much more frequently than seasonable. A seasonal job is one that is available only at a particular time of the year: seasonal employment such as selling ice-creams in the summer. A seasonal chan ge is one that takes place at a particular time of the year: Allowing for seasonal factors, unemployment dropped slightly last month.(Martin H. Manser, Dictionary of English Spelling. Wordsworth, 1999) If youre talkin winter, spring, summer or fall, youre talkin seasonal; only if youre talkin about whats right and proper for those times are you correct to use seasonable.(William Safire, The Right Word in the Right Place at the Right Time. Simon Schuster, 2004) Practice (a) The lack of _____ clothing was one of the greatest hardships experienced by the children of the frontier.(b) In the early nineteenth century, there was a significant increase in the scale of _____ migration from Ireland to Britain during the harvest season. Answers (a) The lack of  seasonable  clothing was one of the greatest hardships experienced by the children of the frontier.(b) In the early nineteenth century, there was a significant increase in the scale of  seasonal  migration from Ireland to Britain during the harvest season.

Economic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Economic History - Essay Example With respect to the role of Hayek in the socialist calculation debate, he reveals his position with respect to the possibilities of planning. While arguing against the possibility that is associated with planning in the case of the socialist calculation debate, Friedrich Hayek worked on two major theoretical papers. These include; â€Å"The Meaning of Competition† and â€Å"The use of Knowledge is Society†. Both of Hayek’s works were aimed at serving as a disproof to a fellow economist named Oscar Lange as well as the endorsements that he had made regarding a planned economy. This paper will evaluate Hayek’s works; â€Å"Meaning of Rivalry† and â€Å"The Adoption of Knowledge in Society†, to help determine his position with respect to the possibilities of planning for the economy. Based on his work, â€Å"Meaning of Competition†, Hayek reveals the benefits that are associated with a free market, which has not been subjected to the regulations that the government imposes to regulate the market. Instead, he reveals that the suppression of competition is among the major evils that prevail in a society, which experience has revealed to be a regular consequence. Also, these evils are also different from those imperfections that are affiliated with rivalry. Hayek stipulates that competition is an essential process that facilitates in the formation of different points of view. This is because it is efficient in terms of facilitating for the spread of information to diverse parties. It also facilitates in the creation of coherence and unity in the economic system, which most people presuppose whenever they treat it as one market. With a coherent and united economic system, it becomes possible for people to identify the goals that they have in common, and hence adopt approaches that can help them to boost the productivity and competitiveness of their society (Vaughn 537). Competition helps people to understand the best product for them and where

Reproduction Of Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reproduction Of Poetry - Essay Example However, the major challenge that has raised controversy is reproduction of art. There are different views on whether art should be reproduced. While some views are in support of reproduction of art, others have sharply criticised it. Nonetheless, with regard to poetry, reproduction of poetry holds many benefits, and these are in relation to reaching mass audiences, as well as maintaining the aura and originality of the original work. Many writers have written different articles to express their views and arguments on reproduction of art. This paper bases on a major work of Davis Douglas, â€Å"The Work of Art in the Age of Digital Reproduction,† that was published in 1995. This is the primary source in this paper. The views of Davis are analysed, and by use of a secondary source; â€Å"Sona Books,† by Magi Jill, it will be possible to determine ways through which reproduction of poetry benefits the authors and audiences without distorting the original work. While Davis in his article supports reproduction of art, Mag focuses on the challenges of publishing poetry, and the overall low popularity of the literature genre. Davis supports reproduction of art by basing on important aspects of art, which he proves that reproduction does not influence them in any adverse manner. For instance, Davis focuses on the aura of the work. He argues that reproduction does not betray the aura of the original work, but instead, it enhances it (381). Therefore, the same applies to poetry, as it is an art form. When poems are reproduced, slight changes might be made to the original work. However, this does destroy the quality of the original work. Instead the quality is enhanced, as sometimes reproduced works might be better than original works. It is also possible to argue that the aura of an art work does not lie in the art work, but is determined by the audience. Therefore, the aura and uniqueness of an art work is determined by the art world and its critiques of the art

American Auto Manufacturers Losses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

American Auto Manufacturers Losses - Essay Example In 1979, the US Big three used to sell 9 out of 10 vehicles in US, but in 2004, foreign firms have overtaken the US auto sector and now local firms sell only 50 percent vehicles in US. By 2005, 60 percent of the US market belonged to Toyota, Honda and Hyundai (Gordon, 2006).The US auto industry is in terminal decline, if this trend continues, the day is not far away when 100 percent of US auto sector will be taken by the foreign firms. There are many unanswered questions about the declining US auto industry. Analysts are wondering, why US auto industry is constantly on downward spiral from decades, but in the recent times, the decline has been proved catastrophic. There were many bad omens in US auto industry for the past two decades, which often gave a warning that further decline is coming. For example from 1995 to 2005, GM replaced its 14 percent volume per year; its average showroom age was 0.8 year old compared to industry 5.8 percent. On the contrary the Japanese replaced 20 percent of volume per year, their average showroom was 1.5 year old, which enabled them to gain 7.2 percent of the market. As a result GM (General Motors) market share declined from 42 percent in 1985 to 26 percent in 2005. The graph below shows domestic production patterns ( Clair,1996). Ford is also on decline and recently it suffered huge losses, resulting in closing down many 14 plants and cutting down 30 thousand jobs. Ford is also expected to take one billion dollar from pre-tax charges in 2006 to do cost sweeping of its plants (Gordon, 2006).. It is also expected to take charges of $250 million in 2006 for its hourly staff and write off the value of plants and equipment clearly proves that Ford is going down the road. Even though Ford mentioned that it is looking forward to work on trucks in US, in present circumstances, it is mere wishful thinking. Similarly Delphi, which was US biggest auto Parts Company, went bankrupt in 2005,

HR Consultant An Organization Education Essay

HR Consultant An Organization Education Essay Working as a HR consultant an organization has approached you for consultancy, you are given the task by the senior management present the theoretical background of learning theories and learning styles. You will develop a presentation which should address the different learning styles, learning theories and their contribution in planning and what is the importance of ensuring transfer of learning in workplace Grading Statement Pass Merit Distinction P1 differentiate between different learning styles M1 a range of methods of presentation has been used D1 capacity for innovation and creative thought has been used P2 analyze learning theories and explain their contribution to the planning and design of learning events M2 it is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences P3 explain the implication of the learning curve and the importance of ensuring the transfer of learning to the workplace Outcome 1 Tasks for P1 Discuss the different learning styles including (activists, reflectors, theorists, pragmatists) Tasks for P2 Discuss the learning theories e.g. behaviorist, cognitive The impact of the learning curve and transfer of learning to the work place, Tasks for P3 Discuss the impact of the learning curve and transfer of learning to the work place. Tasks for M1 You should include relevant figures, diagrams, tables in the presentation to justify your point. Your presentation should look interesting and professional Task for M2 You should consider that the language and concepts are appropriate for your audience and you have considered that management may not know the theoretical backgrounds therefore appropriate level of language and examples are incorporated. Task for D1 Table of Contents preface 5 summary 6 Introduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.7 learning styles 7 honey and Mumford learning styles 7 David Kolb learning styles 8 Learning theoriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 9,10 Learning curve and transfer of learning to workplaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 11, 12 . Bibliographyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 13 Preface Being HR consultant, we have developed a report for our client. In which we discussed the theoretical background of learning theories and learning styles. We hope our work will be appreciated. Summary Being HR consultant we have developed a report for our client. First of all we have discuss that how learning theories can help organization during human resource development. After discussing its importance we discuss the different learning styles of learners that how individual learns. We discuss the theories of David Kolb and honey and Mumford learning styles. Furthermore we explain and discuss the three different learning theories such as cognitive, behaviorist learning theories. Beside this we have also define the impact of learning curve and transfer of learning to work place. In order to complete this assignment we collect data from our course book human resource development and employee relation and similarly from different websites. All the references can be seen at the end of report. Task for P: 1 Discuss the different learning styles including (activists, reflectors, theorists, pragmatists) As we know that there are different type of learning styles developed from Psychological and educational research. According to these researches different people learn differently from one another. According to (http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk) these learning approaches help trainer to understand an individual learning preferences, so s/he effectively convey his training. Further they explain that some student may prefer to learn from visual effects while some may prefer or enjoy learning from listening lectures. There are many researcher and psychologist which contribute to this subject such as Kolb Learning Cycle, Honey and Mumford styles. (www.jivepartners.org.uk) Honey and Mumford styles: Activist: Activists learn best when they personally involve themselves in activity. They are called activist. They enjoy the here-and-now and often thrive in short-term crisis situation. According to our course book of (human resource development and employee relation.) Such kind of people get bore with long term implementation and consolidation. Activist learners are open-minded, not sceptical, and this tends to make them enthusiastic about new work. They think that they can do anything, beside this activist first act and then think. Reflectors: According to our course book (human resource development and employee relation.) Reflectors are the learners which learn best from activities where they are able to stand back, listen and observe. They like collecting information and being given opportunity to think about it. Reflectors learn less when they are rushed into things without the opportunity to plan. Before starting any activity, first they analyze the situation from all angles. Pragmatist: Pragmatists are keen on trying out ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work in practice. They positively search out new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with applications. They are the type of people who return from courses brimming with new ideas that they want to try out in practice. They like to get on with things and act quickly and confidently on ideas that attract them. (human resource development and employee relation.) Theorist: Its mention in our (human resource development and employee relation.) Course books that theorist like to understand the theory behind the actions. Such kind of learners need model. Concepts, and fact in order to learn they like to analyze and synthesis, and feel uncomfortable with subjective judgment. Further its mention that they learn best when an activity is backed up by ideas and concept that form a model system or theory. Such kind of learner learns least when activities are unstructured or ambiguous. Kolbs learning styles inventory: According to (http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk) David Kolb published his learning style model in 1984. The model gave rise to related term such as Kolbs experiential learning theory. In his book he also acknowledged the work of previous scholars such as Rogers, Jung and Piaget. He has done great work in this field and still acknowledged by teachers, trainer and managers. According to Kolb and other researcher that effective learning proceeds around a cycle. The below diagram clearly mentioned that how it processed. (http://bsspdl.wordpress.com/) According to article written by (kendra cherry, 2012)Psychologist and educational theorist DavidHYPERLINK http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesal/p/david-kolb.htm HYPERLINK http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesal/p/david-kolb.htmKolb present a four-stage learning cycle designed to describe how learning by experience takes place. Further she explained that the experientialHYPERLINK http://psychology.about.com/od/educationalpsychology/a/experiential-learning.htm HYPERLINK http://psychology.about.com/od/educationalpsychology/a/experiential-learning.htmlearning cycle have four different stages, concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. From these stages four learning style have been identified, accommodator, divergers, assimilator and converger. Accommodator relies on concrete experience and active experimentation learns from hands on experience and more rely on other people for information. Divergers learn from concrete expe rience and reflective observation. Assimilator combine abstract conceptualization observation; understand a wide range of information and more interested abstract ideas and concepts. Task for P 2 Discuss the learning theories e.g. behaviorist, cognitive etc: Behaviorist theory: In an article written by (kendra cherry, 2012) its mentioned that the term behaviorism refers to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson based on the belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. Beside this there are some other scientists which contribute a lot to the field of psychology. The concept or theory of behaviorism is very exciting. According to our course book (human resource development and employee relation.)Behaviorism is a theory of learning and it believes that all behaviors are acquired as a result of conditioning. Conditioning happen after a  person interacts with his environment. There are two type of conditioning classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In 1904 Ivan Pavlov a Russian scientist researched on dogs. His researched proved that dog salivated at the sight of dry food. If a buzzer sounded just before the dogs were given sight of the dry food they still salivated at the sight of the food. After the two were associated a number of time, the dog salivated at the sound of the buzzer, even before the food appeared. Therefore, it can be claimed that the dog had learnt to salivate at the sound of buzzer. Pavlov called the presentation of the food unconditioned stimuli and the salivation the unconditioned response. He regarded the association of the food with buzzer as conditional stimulus. Cognitive theory: According to article written by (kendra cherry, 2012)Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology which deals with mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn. There are different people which done a lot of work on cognitive theory such as jean Piaget, Wilhelm Wundt and many more. There are a lot of differences between behaviorist and cognitive theory for example behaviorist generally ignores the internal dynamic of learning while cognitive learning theory stress on the importance of what goes on inside the learner. Cognitive theory is assumed to be comprised of a number of sub theories and is widely used in educational and counseling. The key to learning and changing is the individuals cognition (perception, thought, memory and way of processing and structuring information). Cognitive learning a highly active process largely directed by the individual, involve perceiving the information, interpreting it based on what is already known, and then recognizing the information into new insight or understanding. Cognitive theorist, unlike behaviorists, maintains that reward is not necessary for learning. More important are learners goal and expectation, which create disequilibrium, imbalance, and tension that motivate them to act Social learning approach: According to article written by (kendra cherry, 2012) there also another theory proposed by psychologist alburt bandura His theory suggest that children learn new behavior from observing other people There are three primary principles at the center of public studying concept. First is the concept that people can learn through observation. Next is the concept that inner psychological declares are an important aspect of this procedure. Lastly, this concept identifies that just because something has been discovered; it does not mean that it will result in a change of behavior or actions. The below diagram will help us in understanding these theories and how these help us during training and development of human resource. There are different methods through which we learn. Task for P3 Discuss the impact of the learning curve and transfer of learning to the work place. The learning curve definition: A learning curve is a graph showing the relationship between the time spent in learning and the level of competence attained. Hence it describe the progress and variable pace of learning (it is common for people to say that they are on a steep learning curve when they have to acquire a lot of new knowledge or skill in short period of time. (human resource development and employee relation.) Explanation: From the above definition its clear that learning curve is a concept used to determine how quickly a skill can be perfectly understood. The learning curve is represented through graph which shows the connection between learning and its duration. It also shows that how much skill or knowledge is improved of individuals from training. There is also concept of flat curve or gradual learning curve. Its important to say that on flat curve learner gain knowledge slowly. Flat curve subjects take a long time to gain complete mastery over, but provide ample time to truly imprint the procedures or skill components on the brain. Subjects with a gradual or flat curve are often very difficult to learn, as they do not provide the rewards of quick, usable knowledge. According to our course book (human resource development and employee relation.)Learning curve also used to plan the size of the chunks to be taught in one session or stage of learning. Further it explains that learning curve can also go up and down. This happen normally when trainee become unable to practice or forget newly acquired skill or knowledge. Transfer of learning: Definition: According to our course book of (human resource development and employee relation.) Transfers of learning refer to the extent to which newly learned information or skill has been transferred from the learning context to the application of a specific task. Explanation: Transfer of learning mean that how much an individual or trainee effectively able to apply the skill or knowledge on the job, which s (he) learned from training. In a situation where trainee effectively transfers the learning to task is called positive transfer; on the other hand in a situation where trainee didnt effectively transfer the learning to the application of task, will know as negative transfer.

Acting Career :: essays research papers fc

Works Cited â€Å"An Acting Career.† â€Å"Actors.† Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2004-2005 Edition. 27 January 2005. . â€Å"Careers in Acting† 1 February 2005. . Moore, Dick. Opportunities in Acting Careers. Chicago: Career Horizons, 1999. 6-7. Yehling, Carol. Careers in Focus: Performing Arts. Chicago: Ferguson, 2003. 5-13. â€Å"OPENING NIGHT†¦ †¦IT’S OPENING NIGHT! IT’S MAX BIALYSTOCK’S LATEST SHOW. WILL IT FLOP OR WILL IT GO? THE HOUSE LIGHTS ARE DIMMING, THE FOOTLIGHTS ARE BRIGHT, THE TOAST OF SOCIETY’S BURNING TONIGHT! WE’RE SO EXCITED WE CAN’T SIT DOWN†¦,† the Usherettes sing in the Broadway Musical, The Producers, written by Mel Brooks and Tom Meehan. With every new show, there is always competition to be the best show. Since the tender age of six-years-old, I have performed in over fifty stage productions. Out of those productions, I have done a New York City World Premier, tours, regional theatre and many other types of theatrical demonstrations. I would like to continue my hobby as an occupation. To continue with my thespian career, what do I need to make this goal come true?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An actor is a person who performs on a stage or on the screen. To be a thespian takes time, patience and talent.(Actors; Yehling)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several people believe the misconception that acting is not a respectable profession. Where in fact, apart of being a thespian is understanding that people won’t give them the full respect they deserve. Another important part of being an actor is to feel good about what their doing. In addition, to feeling good about yourself you need to, â€Å"interpret life through the window of your own life experiences.† (Yehling) Although jobs are very scarce, it helps to do a show that has good material. To increase the chances of getting employed professional training is imperative. According to Careers in Acting eighty-six percent of non-equity actors receive training of some kind. Before a production begins, an actor must memorize all lines and cues for the first rehearsal. Once in rehearsal for a show, it is now even more critical to spend numerous hours on their own time to go over blocking and songs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"EVERYTHING IN LIFE IS ONLY FOR NOW.† (Avenue Q) Unlike regular jobs that you can stay in for a lifetime, acting jobs are usually short-term. The average chorus job could last for around five months. Lead roles however could last for sometimes years. For most jobs you go to interviews for the job, for acting you attend an audition in a very nerve-racking environment.

Bottled Water and Its Industry

Bottled Water and Its Industry Bottled water is a big business. Since the 1970s the market for bottled water has boomed around the world. Even soft-drink companies like Pepsi and Coca-Cola have dipped their hands into this successful product. According to Beverage Marketing Corp, New York City, Americans now consume more bottled water than milk, coffee, beer, or any other drink (Fishman) Consumers’ thirst for the beverage is fueled by many factors, one of the largest reasons being an increased interest in a healthy lifestyle.As a result, the bottled water market increased by an average of 9% annually between 1999 and 2004 (Spinner, 2006) The global rate of consumption more than quadrupled between 1990 and 2005 (Li, 2007) People in the United States buy more than half a billion bottles of water a week; that is enough to circle the earth more than 5 times (Leonard). How can we explain this trend and what are the consequences for producers, consumers, and the environment? Bottled water consumption reflects a certain way of life. In many cases, bottled water is an alternative to tap water.Consumers think it tastes better than tap water and they perceive it as being safer and of better quality. Bottled water is perceived as pure and harmless, although it is not necessarily the case. Consumers care for their health and their well-being and bottled water happens to be a quick, easy, and healthy alternative to other bottled beverages. The history of bottled water comes back to how the economy works. If companies want to keep growing they have to keep selling more and more stuff. In the 1970s giant soft drink companies got worried when they saw their growth projections starting to level off (Leonard).This was most likely because one person can only drink so much soda and sooner or later people were going to realized that soda is not healthy and they will convert back to drinking tap water. So at the end of the 1970s companies found their next big thing in a Frenc h product, Perrier. This was water sold in glass bottles and became the newest fad. It wasn’t until 1989 when they started manufacturing bottled water in plastic containers (Tapped, 2009). But how do you get people to keep spending two-thousand times more on a product that they can get out of their kitchen sink?Companies needed to find an effective way to keep people interested in their product, so they start using manufactured demand, or advertising. They started scaring people away from drinking tap water, telling them it was no good. Susan Wellington, president of the Quaker Oats Company’s United States beverage division said, â€Å"When we’re done, tap water will be relegated to showers and washing dishes† (Gleick, 2010) Their next technique was to hide the reality of bottled water behind pure fantasy. They market it as being convenient and personal, which caters to our desires as a human.Producers know that we love having something that is all ours a nd in close reach whenever we want it. They seduced us with images of mountains, streams, and pristine nature, but in reality one-third of bottled water in the United States comes from the tap. Pepsi and Coca-Cola are just two of many brands that are merely tap water. There is much debate on whether bottled water is better or worse than tap water. Obviously there are places around the world, and even the United States that do not have access to clean drinking water, so yes, in these places bottled water is the better choice.But in the places where most bottled water is purchased, tap water is equally comparable, if not better, than bottled water. In 2006 Fiji built an ad campaign around not drinking city tap water. They chose the city of Cleveland, Ohio and printed full page ads in magazines that read â€Å"The label says Fiji because it’s not bottled in Cleveland†(Gleick, 2010) Obviously the city of Cleveland was not pleased and conducted a blind test comparing Fiji w ater to their city’s tap water. The test showed that a glass of Fiji water is lower quality and loses the taste test against Cleveland’s tap water.Five percent of the bottled water purchased in Cleveland fell within the required fluoride range recommended by the state, compared with 100% of the tap water samples (Duncan, 2010) Also, a bottle of Fiji costs thousands of times more than the same about of tap water. Tap water being chosen blindly over bottled water seems to be the common trend (Wilk, 2006) Bottled water is actually less regulated than tap water. City municipals must perform multiple tests a day on the city’s water source, whereas bottled water industries are not bound under these same laws.Clearly taste is not the central motivation behind the continuing increase in the bottled water trade (Li, 2007) In March 1999, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) released a report called â€Å"Bottled Water, Pure Drink or Pure Hype? † NRDC's repo rt points out that as much as 40% of all bottled water comes from a city water system, just like tap water. The report also focuses on the fact that 60% to 70% of all bottled water sold in the United States is exempt from the FDA's bottled water standards, because the federal standards do not apply to water bottled and sold within the same state.Unless the water is transported across state lines, there are no federal regulations that govern its quality. According to the NRDC, â€Å"Bottled water companies have used this loophole to avoid complying with basic health standards, such as those that apply to municipally treated tap water. † Also, all carbonated or sparkling waters are completely exempt from FDA guidelines that set specific contamination limits. According to the NRDC study, â€Å"Even when bottled waters are covered by the FDA's specific bottled water standards, those rules are weaker in many ways than EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] rules that apply to big- city tap water. For instance, if we compare EPA regulations for tap water to the FDA's bottled water rules (these examples are quotes from the NRDC report): †¢City tap water can have no confirmed E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria. FDA bottled water rules include no such prohibition (a certain amount of any type of coliform bacteria is allowed in bottled water). †¢City tap water, from surface water, must be filtered and disinfected. In contrast, there are no federal filtration or disinfection requirements for bottled water. Most cities using surface water have had to test for Cryptosporidium or Giardia, two common water pathogens that can cause diarrhea and other intestinal problems, yet bottled water companies do not have to do this. †¢City tap water must meet standards for certain important toxic or cancer-causing chemicals, such as phthalate (a chemical that can leach from plastic, including plastic bottles); some in the industry persuaded the FDA to exempt bottled water from the regulations regarding these chemicals. City water systems must issue annual â€Å"right to know† reports, telling consumers what is in their water. Bottlers successfully killed a â€Å"right to know† requirement for bottled water †¢The Natural Resources Defense Council report concluded: â€Å"Therefore, while much tap water is indeed risky, having compared available data, we conclude that there is no assurance that bottled water is any safer than tap water. † Often, enforcement and monitoring of water quality is uneven and irregular for both tap water and bottled water.While tap water contamination incidents must be reported promptly to the public, the same is not true for bottled water. While contamination of bottled water does occur, many instances have never received public notice until recently (Gleick, 2010). Aside from the excessive spending of consumers on bottled water, there are also many health effects inadvertently caused by the b ottled water industry, one of these problems being tooth decay. Since the 1950s, the United States has been involved in a public health program called ‘community water fluoridation’(1800 Dentist).Many communities throughout the nation added fluoride to their water supply, and the result was a significant decrease in the number of childhood cavities (Xiang, 2010) Bottling companies use processes such as reverse osmosis or distillation to remove impurities from the water, which also removes the fluoride (Lalumandier,2009). Fluoride, or lack thereof, in your water may not seem like much of a reason to worry about whether or not you should drink tap water versus bottled water, but this is not the only risk for consumers.According to a 1999 NRDC study in which approximately 22% of brands were tested, at least one sample of bottled drinking water contained chemical contaminants at levels above state health limits. Some of the contaminants found in the study could pose health risks, such as cancer, if consumed over a long period of time (NRDC) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, or PETE) is a chemical found in the plastic used to make water bottles. A 2009 study by reasearchers form Goethe University in Germany suggest that PET bottles may contain hormone-disrupting chemicals that are detrimental to human health.Some compounds in PET may seep out from these bottles and can possibly cause cancer. This typically occurs when the water is exposed to either cold or hot temperatures (Ferrier, 2001) Another chemical found in the plastic used to make water bottles is bisphenol-a (BPA). This has multiple health effects, including cancer and reproduction problems in women of child bearing age, as well as in babies (Ferrier, 2001, and Tapped). Producers and consumers are not the only components affected by the bottled water industry. Probably the most effected element is our environment.From diminishing fresh water sources, to wildlife, to pollution, our environment i s suffering immensely from production and disposal of bottled water. In a recent full page ad, Nestle said, â€Å"Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world. † (Nestle Waters). How can this be true when these industries are trashing the environment all along the products life cycle. This is not environmentally responsible. The problems start with extraction and production where oil is used to make water bottles. PET is derived from crude oil.One kilogram of PET requires two kilograms of oil and produces three kilograms of CO2. Making bottles to meet consumer demands for bottled water requires more than 1. 5 million barrels of oil a year (Arnold, 2006 and Ferrier, 2001). That is enough oil to fuel 100,000 cars each year. With all that energy used to make the bottle, even more energy is used to ship it around the planet and once it reaches us we drink it in about two minutes. That brings us to the problem at the other end of the life cyc le. What happens to all the bottles when we are done with them?Eighty percent of empty bottles end up in landfills where they will sit for thousands of years before decomposing. Many end up in incinerators where they are burned releasing toxic pollution into the atmosphere. The rest is recycled. But what happens to the recycled bottles? In a perfect world each bottle would be recycled and remade into another water bottle. Instead the plastic goes through a downcycling process, which turns the material into lower grade plastics which is used to produce tons of other products, wasting much of the scrap and discarding it in another country’s backyard and/or into the ocean (Tapped, 2009).There is a garbage patch twice the size of Texas in the North Pacific Ocean. The garbage patch occupies a relatively stationary region of the North Pacific. The rotational pattern of the current draws in waste material from across the North Pacific, including costal waters off North America and J apan. As material is captured in the currents it remains trapped inside this region of ocean. One hundred million marine mammals and turtles in the North Pacific are killed every year by plastic in the ocean. 70-100% of North Pacific sea birds are affected by eating plastic. Plastic is killing the ocean and it is poisoning the fish we eat.Because the fish we eat have likely ingested contaminated plastic, it is virtually impossible for nature to produce organic fish in the ocean. Pepsi’s vice chairman publicly said, â€Å"The biggest enemy is tap water. † They want us to think it is dirty and that bottled water is the best alternative. In many places public water is polluted. Thanks to polluting industries, one of the major contributors being the bottled water industry. Drinking bottled water has become a trivial habit in many people’s everyday lives. Bad tap water taste or quality, fitness goals, and other numerous reasons lead consumer to buy bottled water.Bott led water may even be necessary, for instance in case of temporary tap water contamination. This flourishing market is profitable for many companies and provides a great number of jobs to people around the world. Bottled water quality is generally good, although it can suffer from the same contamination hazards as tap water and also contains hazardous compounds in the bottle itself. Some solutions to make sure bottled water quality is as good as it claims could include things like, companies releasing their quality tests on a day-to-day basis and make them available to the community.It should also be required by all companies to include information about where the water came from, or how it was filtered, on the label. The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) is beginning to â€Å"go green†. Nestle, for instance, will use 30% lighter plastic bottles and 30% smaller labels, as well as eco-shaped bottles. Their bottles will be 100% recyclable, and when building product ion plants they will make sure the building is green-building certified.Another step they are taking is looking into hybrid vehicles for distribution of their product (Nestle Waters, 2011). This seems like Nestle is taking the right steps to improve production and use resources in a manner that will help improve, or at least maintain, our environment, but I cannot help but wonder if this is one of their marketing tools. Sure, they are producing in a more environmentally friendly way, but is this one of their ways of â€Å"tricking† us into buying their product and steering us away from their non-green competitors?When buying their product we are still contributing to this market. Bottled water is not all bad. It has many positive uses. Bottled water is an absolute critical lifesaver in many natural disasters. Bottled water has a substantial shelf life. This is especially valuable for emergency preparation, but also for many other purposes. Also, bottled water is a nearly idea l consumer product: it is healthy, non-addictive, hypoallergenic, caffeine-free, calorie free, and contains no artificial colors, flavors, trans fats, etc. Fager, 2009) Some things we could do to reduce the environmental impact of bottled water are to re-use bottles of water rather than recycling them to be re-manufactured, or buy a reusable, BPA free, water bottle. A more aggressive approach would be to lobby with city and state officials for more drinking fountains around your city, or towards the boycott of bottled water in your public schools and work places. These are just a few steps to start protecting our wallets, our health, and our planet.

Juxtaposition in Henry IV Part 1 Essay

William Shakespeare’s Henry IV is about the reign of Henry IV, formerly known as Henry Bolingbroke. Here, King Henry is planning a crusade however, his kingship is experiencing a turmoil because of the rebellions against his leadership. It is a historical play that generally creates studies regarding its deals with socio-political issues. Several themes were tackled such as honor. Though it is an undisputed fact that honor is something equivocal, several attempts were still done in order to delineate it. Several characters on the play mentioned the word honor. As you read the play, you will get the various notions and actions of different characters about it. However, having all those different notions and actions were part of Shakespeare’s intention of revealing the irony of honor. In Shakespeare’s Henry IV, it shows that honor depends greatly on the individual’s personal aspirations and morals. It was significantly emphasized as he juxtaposed the characters of Harry, King Henry IV’s son, and Hotspur, the Earl of Northumberland’s son, both of whom are potential successors to the King. Harry’s character is commendable with his wit by concealing his true nature and identity. On his first soliloquy he expresses that though he spends most of his time with bad companions like the robbers, etc. , he is silently working on a political agenda. He has true values were in a way reflected as he reimbursed what his friends stole. He is just doing that in order to lower the people’s expectations from him so that when the right time arrives, he would astonish everyone as he unveils his true self. With that, he will be able to gain King Henry’s affection and the people’s admiration. According to Mabillard, Amanda, â€Å" Hal’s first soliloquy that this is merely an act, he is acutely aware of the bad company he keeps, but prefers to show his true colors when necessary, wisely concluding that because expectations of him are so low, his accomplishments when shown will shine that much brighter. † Harry also wished to be appraised due to his own efforts and principles and not because of the crown on his head. For him, a noble deed goes along with honor. However, his concept of honor was dubious when he deemed that he can budge Hotspur’s honor by killing him. His concept of honor was also probed because of the way he treats and put down his friend Falstaff. Mabillard also added that, â€Å"Hal’s envy of Hotspur suggests he is not completely confident, since Hal needs to compare himself to others. When called to fight the rebellion, Hal comes of age, shedding his apathetic ways, even enlisting Falstaff his thieving friend to fight, symbolic of Hal finally accepting and assuming responsibility for himself and others. † For the case of Hotspur, a military man with impulsive actions, honor connotes winning in battles and defending one’s reputation against all odds. Fallstaff, the character Harlittz regards as, a person who â€Å"†¦is represented as a liar, a braggart, a coward, a glutton, etc and yet we are not offended but delighted with him; for he is all these as much to amuse others as to gratify himself,† regarded Honor as something useless and wasted that does no one any good. Falstaff also juxtaposes honor with violence. For Henry IV however, honor means the good of his people and kingdom. He also believes that honor belonged to the rightful leader of the kingdom. This caused him the dilemma because of the way he was able to gain his current crown, usurping Richard II’s throne and plotting his death. Besides the essence of honor, the play also juxtaposes the society’s class differences and the play’s north- south theme. As Stuart Hampton- Reeves stated, â€Å"The York scenes are particularly significant, as they give a regional focus to the play in the north, in much the same way that, in 2 Henry VI, the Kentish rebellion of Jack Cade gives a southern regional focus. There is, in fact, a subtle north/south theme running through 3 Henry VI: the second line of the play pursues â€Å"the horseman of the north† and there are repeated references to north/south divisions. Here, the ESC got it wrong; the ESC portrayed the Yorkists as bluff northerners, and the Lancastrians as haughty southerners, but the play makes it clear several times that York’s power base is actually in the south, in Kent and London, whilst Henry, with the Duchy of Lancaster and the might of Northumberland, holds the North. Henry is defeated at St. Albans, in the south; York loses the next battle because he is isolated in the northern city of York. Battles take place around York, there are scenes in its castle, the Duke of York’s head is mounted on its walls,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  For the society’s class, the play also shows the upper class and the royalties as the story revolves on the palace. And the same time, it also shows the low class citizens such as the robbers, towns’ people, etc. at Boar’s Tavern. It also juxtaposes the characters of Henry IV and Falstaff as they act as mentor and father to Harry. Two men who are different in class, upbringing, virtue and principles are both playing the same role to Harry. Besides juxtaposition on the theme and characters, there were also several juxtapositions in terms of the scene. Just like in the ending of the play Richard II and the beginning of Henry IV’s part 1. Wherein, on Richard II’s ending, Henry is already proclaimed as the king and he is about to start his kinship. However, in the beginning of Henry IV, there is still the plan of Henry of having a crusade. As Mabillard noted, â€Å"While it is true that these men all have personal reasons for rebelling, we cannot help but think that there is divine guidance at work, fulfilling Richard’s prophesy, causing Henry’s reign to be tumultuous. The structure of the plays certainly supports this theory. Richard II died in 1400, and Shakespeare ends Richard II with Henry just beginning his reign. But at the start of Henry IV, Part I, it seems that no time has passed since the death of Richard. The excursion to the Holy Land is still in Henry’s mind, and the action seems to take up right where it left off in Richard II. † The scene wherein Harry and Hotspur will have their combat is take place next to the similar encounter between Douglas and Falstaff. However, the encounter between Harry and Hotspur is embellished with heroic talks and brave action and intense emotion while the encounter between Douglas and Fallstaff is embellished with talks about cowardice and full comic lines. Being a play that was written several years ago, and being based on a story that happened on the years 1402-1403, some might have the idea that using the same juxtaposition would cause the audience to feel alienated due to the huge time span. However, the political issues narrated on the play are still very much applicable at the present period. Just the like the different views on honor, usurping of power, and war among political leaders. That is why I consider Shakespeare’s works as timeless. Hampton-Reeves, Stuart. â€Å"Alarums and Defeats: Henry VI on Tour. † http://www. chass. utoronto. ca/emls/05-2/hampalar. htm Mabillard, Amanda. â€Å"Analysis of Shakespeare’s Sources for 1 Henry IV. † Shakespeare Online. 18 Aug. 2006. Hazlitt, William. Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays. London 1817.